[124] There were major revolts in Kerala during the independence movement in the 20th century; most notable among them is the 1921 Malabar Rebellion and the social struggles in Travancore. [330][331][332] Queerala is one of the major LGBT organisation in Kerala. Cricketers, like Tinu Yohannan, Abey Kuruvilla, Sreesanth, Sanju Samson and Basil Thampi found places in the national cricket team. The Puranas. Other than civilian airports, Kochi has a naval airport named INS Garuda. VPN is the best — "Once I Vodafone VPN can help my ISP slow down & Set Up of 160mbps throttled to vodafone throttling wall, twitch a VPN. There is a belief that, once a year during the Onam festival, Mahabali returns to Kerala. Previously, the gender preferences provided in government forms and documents included male, female, and other/third gender. It is not just the first state of India to have a completely beggar-free capital city, it is also the first state to be titled … [373] Ayurveda,[374]:13 siddha, and endangered and endemic modes of traditional medicine, including kalari, marmachikitsa and vishavaidyam, are practised. The state produces more than 90% of the total rubber produced in the country. 78. Kerala has also been declared as the first digital state. [397][398], Ancient Christian tradition says that Christianity reached the shores of Kerala in 52 CE with the arrival of Thomas the Apostle, one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus Christ. According to the Constitution of India, Kerala has a parliamentary system of representative democracy; universal suffrage is granted to residents. The famous Sree Sankaracharya Sanskrit University is located in Ernakulam district of Kerala. [227] A mining sector of 0.3% of GSDP involves extraction of ilmenite, kaolin, bauxite, silica, quartz, rutile, zircon, and sillimanite. 29. The Nilambur Teak Plantation in Kerala is home to the oldest teak trees in the world. The history of Kerala as an Indian state in its current form begins post-independence. [211] The state witnessed significant emigration during the Gulf Boom of the 1970s and early 1980s. [162][163] The distribution of pressure patterns is reversed in the Northeast monsoon, during this season the cold winds from North India pick up moisture from the Bay of Bengal and precipitate it on the east coast of peninsular India. [313] Cochin International Airport is the busiest in the state and the seventh busiest in the country. Among several types of medicine available in the country, Kerala uses Ayurveda as its primary mode of medicine. Kerala has 1084 females per 1000 males with a rate of 1.084 which is higher than the national figure of 0.940. [215] A decline of about 300,000 in the number of emigrants from the state was recorded during the period between 2013 and 2018. According to legend, this new area of land extended from Gokarna to Kanyakumari. The child marriages are particularly higher among the Muslim community. 72. India's first coir factory was set up in Alleppey in 1859–60. in M.Avrum Erlich (ed. 87. Along with Sikkim, it tops the list of the cleanest states according to the survey conducted by the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO). [436] As of 2007[update], enrolment in elementary education was almost 100%; and, unlike other states in India, educational opportunity was almost equally distributed among sexes, social groups, and regions. A canal 205 kilometres (127 mi) long, National Waterway 3, runs between Kottapuram and Kollam, which is included in the East-Coast Canal. [453] It was elaborated through centuries of contact with neighbouring and overseas cultures. [171]:11 Its 9,400 km2 of forests include tropical wet evergreen and semi-evergreen forests (lower and middle elevations—3,470 km2), tropical moist and dry deciduous forests (mid-elevations—4,100 km2 and 100 km2, respectively), and montane subtropical and temperate (shola) forests (highest elevations—100 km2). [8] It was 0.790 in 2007–08[337] and it had a consumption-based HDI of 0.920, which is better than that of many developed countries. [168]:65, Most of the biodiversity is concentrated and protected in the Western Ghats. 1. Quora does allow anonymously asked questions, some of which concern matters of pseudoscience such as, “ ” Is it possible for me to become a successful musician or a recording artist with my horoscope. Kerala is the first baby-friendly state in the world. Its non-tax revenues (excluding the shares from Union tax pool) of the Government of Kerala reached ₹145.87 billion (US$2.0 billion) in 2020-2021. Kerala architecture is a kind of architectural style that is mostly found in the Indian state of Kerala. [36], According to the Sangam classic Purananuru, the Chera king Senkuttuvan conquered the lands between Kanyakumari and the Himalayas. The state's largest checkpoint, Walayar, is on NH 544, in the border town between Kerala and Tamil Nadu, through which a large amount of public and commercial transportation reaches the northern and central districts of Kerala. [572][573] Padmanabhaswamy Temple in the state capital of Thiruvananthapuram holds the record as the wealthiest place of worship in the world, with assets of at least ₹1.2 trillion (equivalent to ₹2.0 trillion or US$28 billion in 2019). It also oversees a few major district roads. Kerala is the birthplace of Sree Narayana Guru, who was a spiritual leader, a Hindu sage and social reformer in India. [184], There are six Municipal corporations in Kerala that govern Thiruvananthapuram, Kollam, Kochi, Thrissur, Kozhikode and Kannur. The Malabar region, in the northern part of Kerala, had been a part of the Madras province of British India, which later became a part of the Madras State post-independence. Riya June 2, 2020. There is a large Keralan diaspora in the Middle East. In other states, national highways are grade separated, 60 metres (200 feet) wide with a minimum of four lanes, as well as 6 or 8-lane access-controlled expressways. [90] A Keralite identity, distinct from the Tamils, became linguistically separate during this period around the seventh century. [369]:5–7 As of 2017, the state has the highest number of diabetes patients and also the highest prevalence rate of the disease in India. Kerala's annual total of road accidents is among the nation's highest. It was the first technology park in India[235][236] and with the inauguration of the Thejaswini complex on 22 February 2007, Technopark became the largest IT Park in India. 89. Conolly- the collector of Malabar District. [153] Kerala's 44 rivers include the Periyar; 244 kilometres (152 mi), Bharathapuzha; 209 kilometres (130 mi), Pamba; 176 kilometres (109 mi), Chaliyar; 169 kilometres (105 mi), Kadalundipuzha; 130 kilometres (81 mi), Chalakudipuzha; 130 kilometres (81 mi), Valapattanam; 129 kilometres (80 mi) and the Achankovil River; 128 kilometres (80 mi). 10. "Mappila Muslim Culture" State University of New York Press, Albany (2015); p. xi. [320] As of 2011[update], Thiruvananthapuram is the most populous city in Kerala. Kerala is the first state in the country with 4 operational international airports. [380] Kerala has the greatest consumption of alcohol in India. S.C. Bhatt, Gopal K. Bhargava (2006) "Land and People of Indian States and Union Territories: Volume 14. [133], The state is wedged between the Lakshadweep Sea and the Western Ghats. 1. [56]:110 Pre-Cambrian and Pleistocene geological formations compose the bulk of Kerala's terrain. Newspapers in Kerala are available in 9 different languages. Kerala is one of the major footballing states in India along with West Bengal and Goa and has produced national players like I. M. Vijayan, C. V. Pappachan, V. P. Sathyan, Jo Paul Ancheri, Pappachen Pradeep, C.K. [122], By the end of 18th century, the whole of Kerala fell under the control of the British, either administered directly or under suzerainty. According to the English horticulturist Robert Hart, Kerala is "from the agroforestry point of view, perhaps the world's most advanced country, with an extraordinary intensivity of cultivation of some forest gardens."[272]. In 2008, the Persian Gulf countries together had a Keralite population of more than 2.5 million, who sent home annually a sum of US$6.81 billion, which is the highest among Indian states and more than 15.13% of remittances to India in 2008. [243] A record total of 223 hartals were observed in 2006, resulting in a revenue loss of over ₹20 billion (US$280 million). Padmanabhapuram Palace and the Mattancherry Palace are two nearby heritage sites. [23] The word Kerala is first recorded as Ketalaputo ('son of Chera[s]') in a 3rd-century-BCE rock inscription left by the Maurya emperor Ashoka (274–237 BCE), one of his edicts pertaining to welfare. It is divided into 14 districts with the capital being Thiruvananthapuram. Anna Malhotra was the first woman IAS officer from Kerala. Kerala has the highest population of Christians among all the states of India. National Family Health Survey says that in Kerala, almost all of the infants are born in medical institutions and hospitals. The airport was awarded ‘Champion of the Earth’ by the United Nations for its contribution towards the environment. [94][95], At the peak of their reign, the Zamorins of Kozhikode ruled over a region from Kollam (Quilon) in the south to Panthalayini Kollam (Koyilandy) in the north. [167] Some of Kerala's drier lowland regions average only 1,250 mm (49 in); the mountains of the eastern Idukki district receive more than 5,000 mm (197 in) of orographic precipitation: the highest in the state. [26] The word Cheral refers to the oldest known dynasty of Kerala kings and is derived from the Proto-Tamil-Malayalam word for 'lake'. Industrial Development & Economic Growth in Kerala . [263] Home gardens made up a significant portion of the agricultural sector. [454] Raga-based renditions known as sopanam accompany kathakali performances. Anamudi Peak of the Anaimalai range is named the ‘Everest of South India’. [531] Broadband Internet services are widely available throughout the state; some of the major ISPs are BSNL, Asianet Satellite Communications, Reliance Communications, Airtel, Vodafone Idea Limited, MTS, RailWire and VSNL. Malappuram district, a tribal village located 400 km from Kerala's capital was declared the first to go cashless after demonetization. According to a BBC study, Kerala’s alcohol consumption amounts to over 8 liters per person every year. [535] Another traditional sport of Kerala is the boat race, especially the race of Snake boats. The state has 1084 females per 1000 males. [371][372] Over 95% of Keralite births are hospital delivered and the state also has the lowest Infant mortality rate in the country. "Jews in India." [28] The Skanda Purana mentions the ecclesiastical office of the Thachudaya Kaimal who is referred to as Manikkam Keralar, synonymous with the deity of the Koodalmanikyam temple. [424][425] Owing to the former matrilineal system, women in Kerala enjoy a high social status. [155] The state experiences several natural hazards like landslides, floods and droughts. [386] As of 2016, Hindus, Muslims, Christians and others account for 41.88%, 42.55%, 15.35% and 0.22% of the total child births in the state, respectively.[387]. In 1571, the Portuguese were defeated by the Zamorin forces in the battle at Chaliyam Fort. The first ever mosque in India is Cheraman Juma Mosque and is located in Kerala. ", Devika, J. Southern Railway zone of Indian Railways operates all railway lines in the state connecting most major towns and cities except those in the highland districts of Idukki and Wayanad. [377] In April 2016, the Economic Times reported that 250,000 residents undergo treatment for cancer. It is a lesser-known fact that Kerala has the highest number of digital banking users and operational bank accounts. [278] During the southwest monsoon, a suspended mud bank develops along the shore, which in turn leads to calm ocean water, peaking the output of the fishing industry. While the monsoon arrives in July in most of the states, it does in Kerala in the first week of June. 38. [251][252] Profitability of crops fell due to a shortage of farm labour, the high price of land, and the uneconomic size of operational holdings. [109] An agreement, known as "Treaty of Mavelikkara", was signed by the Dutch and Travancore in 1753, according to which the Dutch were compelled to detach from all political involvement in the region. In the forests, sonokeling, Dalbergia latifolia, anjili, mullumurikku, Erythrina, and Cassia number among the more than 1,000 species of trees in Kerala. [320] The state's 321,000 indigenous tribal Adivasis, 1.10% of the population, are concentrated in the east. Kerala receives the first spell of rain in the country. English is the language of instruction in most self-financing schools, while government and government-aided schools offer instruction in English or Malayalam. 8. 89. T. C. Yohannan, Suresh Babu, Sinimol Paulose, Angel Mary Joseph, Mercy Kuttan, K. Saramma, K. C. Rosakutty, Padmini Selvan and Tintu Luka are the other Arjuna Award winners from Kerala. [79][399][400][401] Saint Thomas Christians include Syro-Malabar Catholic,[402] Syro-Malankara Catholic,[403] Jacobite Syrian,[404] Malankara Marthoma Syrian,[405] Malankara Orthodox Syrian,[406] the Syrian Anglicans of the CSI[407] and several Pentecostal and evangelical[408] denominations. Malayalam is the widely spoken language in Kerala. [460] A common characteristic of these festivals is the hoisting of a holy flag which is brought down on the final day of the festival after immersing the deity. [276] According to 2003–04 reports, about 1.1 million people earn their livelihood from fishing and allied activities such as drying, processing, packaging, exporting and transporting fisheries. 67. Until the early 1980s, Kerala was a relatively unknown destination compared to other states in the country. Malabar is reminiscent of the word Malanad which means the land of hills. 15. [297] The railway network in the state is controlled by two out of six divisions of the Southern Railway; Thiruvananthapuram Railway division and Palakkad Railway Division. [534], Cricket and football became popular in the state; both were introduced in Malabar during the British colonial period in the 19th century. The third National Family Health Survey ranks Kerala first in "Institutional Delivery" with 100% births in medical facilities. At present the corporation has 5373 buses running on 4795 schedules.[295][296]. 5. 91. E. J. Brill, Leiden. [534] However, Kalaripayattu, regarded as "the mother of all martial arts in the world", is an exception and is practised as the indigenous martial sport. Kerala is situated on the tropical Malabar Coast of southwestern India, is one of the most popular tourist destinations in the country. Since the 73rd and 74th amendments to the Constitution of India, the local government institutions function as the third tier of government, which constitutes 14 District Panchayats, 152 Block Panchayats, 941 Grama Panchayats, 87 Municipalities, six Municipal Corporations and one Township. [473] The total duration of Onam is 10 days and it is celebrated all across Kerala. The Greco-Roman trade map Periplus Maris Erythraei refers to Kerala as Celobotra. [199] However, the Kerala Municipality Act envisages a single-tier system for urban areas, with the institution of municipality designed to par with the Gram panchayat of the former system. [322] Around 31.8 million Keralites are predominantly Malayali. Ramanathaiyer, Sundar, and Stewart MacPherson. [123] The Malabar Special Police was formed by the colonial government in 1884 headquartered at Malappuram. [340][341] However, the Human Development Report 2005, prepared by Centre for Development Studies envisages a virtuous phase of inclusive development for the state since the advancement in human development had already started aiding the economic development of the state. 76. 87. Blog. Valsamma, all three of whom are recipients of the Padma Shri as well as Arjuna Award, while K. M. Beenamol and Anju Bobby George are Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna and Arjuna Award winners. [525] Dozens of newspapers are published in Kerala, in nine major languages,[526] but principally Malayalam and English. Grab the deal and start packing your bags for an indelible holiday with Tour My India. It is a government initiative that provides care and services for abandoned children. Vineeth, Anas Edathodika, Sahal Abdul Samad, and Rino Anto. [560] Kerala is known for its ecotourism initiatives which include mountaineering, trekking and bird-watching programmes in the Western Ghats as the major activities. The state represents 1.18% of the total area of the country. These facilities are used mostly by central government VIPs visiting Kerala. There are 152 block panchayats and 75 Taluks in Kerala. [484] Carnatic music dominates Keralite traditional music. There is a significant Tamil population in Palakkad and Idukki districts. [94][95] In the 14th century, Kozhikode conquered larger parts of central Kerala, which were under the control of the king of Cochin. The accidents are mainly the result of the narrow roads and irresponsible driving. [570] Kerala's ecotourism destinations include 12 wildlife sanctuaries and two national parks: Periyar Tiger Reserve, Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary, Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary, Thattekad Bird Sanctuary, Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary, Muthanga Wildlife Sanctuary, Aralam Wildlife Sanctuary, Eravikulam National Park, and Silent Valley National Park are the most popular among them. [547] Other popular sports include badminton, basketball and kabaddi. Other plants include bamboo, wild black pepper, wild cardamom, the calamus rattan palm, and aromatic vetiver grass, Vetiveria zizanioides. [147], Kerala's western coastal belt is relatively flat compared to the eastern region,[56]:33 and is criss-crossed by a network of interconnected brackish canals, lakes, estuaries,[148] and rivers known as the Kerala Backwaters. [166] Kerala's rainfall averages 2,923 mm (115 in) annually. [413] They are called Cochin Jews or Malabar Jews and are the oldest group of Jews in India. Substantial administrative, legal and financial powers are delegated to these bodies to ensure efficient decentralisation. [242] The state government's tax revenues (excluding the shares from Union tax pool) amounted to ₹674.20 billion (US$9.5 billion) in 2020-21; up from ₹556.71 billion (US$7.8 billion) in 2019-20. The state is home to the world’s first ayurvedic resort- Somatheeram. High court chief justice of Kerala Hotels, attractions, and Ashtamudi.... High population restricted for their contribution to Malayalam prose been a prominent exporter... A variety of flora and fauna are among the most interesting but known! Woman: women and children of the state. [ 15 ] is renowned for its rich history and,. A multitude of both medicinal and alternative treatments, Tyndis, Berkarai and... - quora Kerala - Reddit high population Thampi found places in Kerala enjoy a high social status phone. The ‘ Everest of south India ’ Kerala supplies 60 % of the Cheras, rural. 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